Professor Takashige Omatsu, Chiba University and Professor Atsushi Taguchi, Hokkaido University has demonstrated the surface reliefs formation on azopolymers using optical multiple vortices, manifesting spin orbital coupling effects in multiple vortices.
The results of this research were published online in the journal ‘Nanophotonics’ on 18 November 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0387